SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA DEFINITION

Spina bifida is an abnormal development of the bones of the spine and is the most common congenital spine abnormality. One of the most common forms is spina bifida occulta. It is known as occulta (Latin for “hidden”) because no opening of the skin is evident and because the condition typically is asymptomatic. An estimated 5-10 percent of the population has this condition, while about 10 percent of spina bifida patients have the more-serious form, known as “open” spina bifida.

Other Classifications of Spina Bifida

Spina bifida is rarely located in the cervical (neck) region. It is more common in the lumbar (lower back) and sacral (pelvic) regions. Its origin is not well understood, although family medical history is believed to be a factor, as are nutrition and environment. Spina bifida occulta may be present from birth, but a mild abnormality may remain undetected unless the spine is subjected to an X-ray or an MRI. Other classifications of spina bifida are more serious, including:

• Cystica – a cyst protrudes that through a defect in the vertebral arch; may result in neurological defects.
• Meningocele – the least common form of spina bifida; the meninges (layered membranes enveloping the spinal cord) are forced through gaps between the vertebrae.
• Myelomeningocele – protrusion of the spinal cord through an unfused portion of the spinal column.
• Lipomeningocele – a benign fatty tumor (lipoma) attached to the spinal cord.

Diagnosing Spina Bifida

Spina bifida occulta may be indicated by dimpling of the skin, or if a small, hairy patch on the back is present. Other forms of spina bifida may be diagnosed before birth through amniocentesis. Treatment varies, depending on the severity of the abnormality or the presence of neural dysfunction.