Intervertebral Disc – Functions and Conditions

An intervertebral disc provides cushioning and support to the neck and back. Sitting between vertebrae from the neck to the lower back, these “shock absorbers” perform an important role in maintaining the stability of the spine. Discs are composed of two elements: the annulus fibrosus (the tough exterior of the disc) and the nucleus pulposus (the soft interior). Conditions affecting discs can impact the discs themselves as well as the surrounding bones, nerves, muscles, and ligaments of the spine.

Conditions Affecting the Intervertebral Disc

Several spinal conditions can affect discs, many leading to pain, discomfort, weakness and a number of additional symptoms. These conditions include:

• Degenerative disc disease – This condition, which is usually the result of the natural aging process, occurs when discs gradually break down and lose water. A degenerated disc may be unable to absorb shock and is prone to herniation, which can cause spinal nerves to become impinged.
• Herniated disc – A disc can herniate when the annulus fibrosus develops a weak spot and breaks open (either from sudden trauma, injury or from a degenerative condition), allowing the nucleus pulposus to seep out. If the interior of a disc enters into the spinal column and compresses nearby spinal nerves, pain and discomfort can occur.
• Bulging disc – A bulging disc occurs when the outer covering (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disc weakens and pushes into the spinal column. The bulge can pinch a nerve root or the spinal cord.

If you’ve been diagnosed with any of the above conditions and have received little relief from conservative treatments like rest, medications, and physical therapy, an endoscopic procedure performed at Laser Spine Institute may be able to help you rediscover your life without back and neck pain. Contact Laser Spine Institute for more information on our safe, effective outpatient procedures that are used to treat conditions affecting an intervertebral disc.