Interbody Fusion – Types and Complications

Interbody fusion is a type of spinal surgery that utilizes a bone graft to join two or more vertebral segments. Typically, one of the first steps in this type of surgery is for the surgeon to remove one or more intervertebral discs. The surgeon also may remove parts of the vertebrae that are about to be fused. Then, bone grafting material is inserted into the disc space. Hardware such as screws and rods also may be used to secure the bone graft in place. If all goes as planned, the bone graft grows and permanently attaches the vertebrae together, which in turn restricts excess movement. In theory, this allows patients to experience reduced pain and discomfort that are often associated with many spinal conditions.

Types of Fusions

There are several types of fusion surgeries. While each serves the same purpose (to join two or more vertebral segments), the procedures differ in their approach.

• Anterior interbody fusion – The spine is accessed through the front of the torso when this procedure is performed. During this procedure, the nerves and the muscles in the back can usually be moved aside, allowing them to be left intact. 
• Lateral interbody fusion – This procedure is performed through a patient’s side. Like anterior fusions, a patient’s back muscles, ligaments and nerves are typically spared from major disruption.
• Posterior interbody fusion – A surgeon performs this procedure by accessing the spine through a patient’s back. This surgery is far more invasive than anterior and lateral fusions since the back muscles are often disrupted.

Possible Complications

As with all open back surgeries, fusions present the risk of complications. For instance, some patients experience a “nonunion,” which occurs when the bone graft fails to join the vertebral segments together. This sometimes requires additional surgery to attempt another fusion. Since these procedures require large incisions, risk of infection does exist and recovery times are lengthy – often up to a year or more.

Laser Spine Institute offers minimally invasive, outpatient procedures that may be an excellent alternative to interbody fusion surgeries for many patients. Utilizing an endoscope, our safe and effective procedures require small incisions and allow many patients to return to normal activities in as little as two weeks. Contact Laser Spine Institute for more information and to schedule a complimentary MRI or CT scan review.