CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.  This liquid is responsible for protecting the central nervous system against sudden shock or other injury. The best way to visualize CSF is that the brain floats in the cranium in this fluid.  When you hit your head, the liquid will absorb the shock, not the brain itself. Both the brain and the spinal cord are protected by three meninges – a series of membranes that act as a sheath. Cerebrospinal fluid exists between two of these meninges.

The Anatomy

The central nervous system, composed of the brain and the spinal cord, may be the most important and delicate part of the body.  This system transmits and receives vital sensory and motor signals throughout the body and is responsible for regular bodily function.  CSF is an integral part of the central nervous system because it absorbs shock and protects the nerves circulating throughout the system. This fluid provides buoyancy to the brain so it doesn’t rest against the cranium or any other tissue, absorbs sudden hits or jolts, and even removes waste.

The brain and spinal cord are sheathed with three layers of meninges (membranes) –

• Dura mater – a thick layer
• Arachnoid mater – has a spider web appearance
• Pia mater – delicate membrane that is actually attached to the spinal cord and brain

CSF exists in the space known as the subarachnoid space, which is located between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater.

Occasionally, a CSF leak can lead to headaches, hearing problems, and other similar symptoms, although this isn’t generally considered serious.  To learn more about CSF and the anatomy of the brain and spine, contact your doctor.