Cartilage in the Spine

The cartilage in the spine is often overlooked as an integral part of a functioning, healthy spine. It is the cartilaginous elements in the spine that allow us to bend and twist our backs and necks, bear our body weight, and absorb the shock of impacts throughout our daily lives. Cartilage is a stiff but flexible connective tissue made up of cells called chondrocytes, water, collagen, and sometimes elastin. The cartilage in the body does not have a blood supply and must gain nutrients by diffusing them through the cartilage itself.

There are three types of cartilage found in the human body:

• Elastic cartilage – Contains elastin fibers, which makes it the most flexible type of cartilage. It can be found in the nose, outer ear, and larynx.
• Fibrocartilage – This type of cartilage has high levels of collagen, which makes it more rigid and stronger than elastic and hyaline cartilages.
• Hyaline - Hyaline cartilage is the most prevalent type in the body. It is a slippery yet firm substance that lines the joints of the body.

Where Cartilage is Located

Cartilage in the spine can be found in two areas: between vertebrae as intervertebral discs and in the spine’s zygapophysial (facet) joints. Intervertebral discs are made of fibrocartilage. Each disc consists of a tough outer wall called the annulus fibrosus and a gelatinous inner material known as the nucleus pulposus. The Z-joints of the spine are lined with thin, friction-reducing layers of hyaline cartilage, which is susceptible to high levels of wear-and-tear. A synovial fluid between the layers of cartilage provides lubrication and nutrients.

Cartilage Degeneration

In general, cartilage is hard to replace or repair and does not grow back after wearing away. Additionally, the degeneration of the cartilage in the spine can occur as we age. The usually spongy material begins to lose water, becoming prone to bulging and tearing. If the cartilage in the Z-joints breaks down enough to cause the bones to rub together, pain, inflammation, and stiffness may develop, in a condition known as osteoarthritis. The intervertebral discs may also suffer from degeneration, which can lead to any number of spinal conditions, such as bulging or herniated discs, osteophytes (bone spurs), and spinal cord or nerve root compression.

Laser Spine Institute

If you are suffering from a painful spinal condition due to the degeneration of cartilage in the spine, contact the orthopedic experts at Laser Spine Institute. Learn more about our safe and effective outpatient procedures that are based on the latest endoscopic techniques.