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T 1-T12 Facet Joints

The thoracic spine is comprised of 12 unique vertebrae in the middle back, often referred to as the T1-T12 vertebrae. When functioning correctly, these vertebrae provide the middle back with the strength and stability necessary for supporting the ribcage, which is directly connected to the thoracic vertebrae.

While not as susceptible to damage as the cervical spine (in the neck) or the lumbar spine (in the lower back), the thoracic spine is still at risk for deterioration. Thoracic facet joint sets and the discs in between the vertebra can degenerate due to age, injury, and overuse.

In a healthy spine, the thoracic vertebrae are held together comfortably by T1-T12 facet joints and soft discs. Each vertebra has two pairs of facet joint surfaces – one pair faces upward and the other pair faces downward. These joints intersect with the vertebrae above and below, creating a hinge-like connection which provides flexibility and extension while also maintaining a link across the spine segment. The intervertebral discs, on the other hand, are thick, spongy pads that cushion the spine and its many movements.

The gradual deterioration of the T1-T12 facet joints, discs, and vertebrae is often a by-product of the natural aging process, but can also be attributed to overuse, poor body mechanics, injury, facet joint osteoarthritis, and other disorders. Symptoms of back problems in the thoracic spine include:

• Chronic, local back pain
• Traveling pain radiating along the nerve
• Weakness of the muscles
• Numbness and tingling
• Stiffness or soreness in the middle back

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Treatment of problems in the T1-T12 facet joints and discs is usually accomplished conservatively with a variety of non-surgical techniques. Once the source of the discomfort has been identified, a doctor will usually attempt to manage a patient’s symptoms with painkillers, physical therapy, a back brace, and possibly injections. In the event that the patient doesn’t sufficiently respond to this course, surgery becomes an option.

Please note: Laser Spine Institute currently does not perform endoscopic procedures on the thoracic spine.